Removable back shell for an aircraft seat

ABSTRACT

An aircraft seat that includes a seat bottom frame having a back, a seat back frame pivotally connected to the back of the seat bottom frame, and a seat back shell. The seat back shell has at least a front panel, a back panel opposite the front panel, and at least two side panels disposed between the front and back panels which connects the front panel to the back panel. The combination of the front, back, and side panels form a gap to receive the entire seat back frame.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to aircraft seat construction and upholstery, andmore particularly unique shells that can be assembled and upholsteredseparate from the aircraft seat.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Aircraft seats are typically upholstered on the structure. The processbegins by a seat manufacturer building the seat components andsuperstructure first then sending the seat to the upholster to be paddedand covered with material. This means that an upholsterer must waituntil the structure is completed in order to start the process. Thisdelays the upholster and typically either causes a rush in production bythe upholster or a delay in the delivery schedule.

Aircraft seat upholsters are tasked with more than just placing fabricover the seat structure. They are typically only given the seat in abasic form and must build up the seat structure with dense foam orheavier materials required to accommodate different seat styling.Further, the replacement of backrest upholstery is very time consumingsince either the entire seat or backrest structure of the seat must beremoved and shipped to the upholster, or the upholster must come to theaircraft. This is even further complicated for the replacement ofcomponents inside of the backrest. This is again a very time consumingprocess wherein typically the seat components are repaired in onefacility and upholstered in another.

The present invention solves this problem by using a standard shapedshell that fits over the backrest structure and can be upholsteredseparate from the seat structure itself.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is directed to an aircraft seat that includes a seatbottom frame having a back, a seat back frame pivotally connected to theback of the seat bottom frame, and a seat back shell. The seat backshell has at least a front panel, a back panel opposite the front panel,and at least two side panels disposed between the front and back panelswhich connects the front panel to the back panel. The combination of thefront, back, and side panels form a gap to receive the entire seat backframe. Further, the seat back shell can, at a minimum only have thefront panel, the back panel, and two side panels.

In another series of embodiments, the gap, or hollow portion, is sizedto fit the whole seat back. This is opposed to single members of theseat back frame inserted into single gaps sized to receive only a singlemember, and the seat back frame includes multiple members. Further, inan embodiment, the seat back shell only encloses the seat back frame.For any embodiment, a size of the front panel can be the same ordifferent from the back panel. Also, at least a portion of the sidepanels are formed in a triangular or a trapezoidal shape

In a typical embodiment, the seat back shell is upholstered separatefrom the aircraft seat. The seat back frame then includes a flange toengage a top of the seat back shell to retain the seat back shell on theseat back frame. The upholstered seat back shell is removably andreplacably engaged to the seat back frame while the seat back frameremains connected to the seat bottom frame. This allows for the aircraftseat to be assembled at a location separate from the upholster and notdissembled by the upholster during the upholstering process.Additionally, the upholstery can be changed once the aircraft seat is inservice without dissembling the seat frame.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and still further objects, features and advantages of thepresent invention will become apparent upon consideration of thefollowing detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof,especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawingswherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized todesignate like components, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a front view of an upholstered aircraft seat of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away left side view of an aircraft seat of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 is an non-upholstered top-front-left side perspective view of anaircraft seat with an embodiment of a shell of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partially cut-away left side view of an aircraft seatillustrating an embodiment of attaching the seat back shell to the seatback frame of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top-front-left side perspective view of an aircraft seatillustrating another embodiment of attaching a seat back shell to theseat back frame of the present invention;

FIGS. 6A-6E illustrate a perspective, top, front, and side view,respectively, of a seat back shell of the present invention;

FIGS. 7A-7E illustrate a perspective, top, front, and side view,respectively, of another embodiment of a seat back shell of the presentinvention; and

FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate a perspective, top, front, and side view,respectively, of a further seat back shell of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the invention will be described herein below withreference to FIGS. 1-3.

An aircraft seat 10 includes a seat bottom frame 12 and a seat backframe 14. The seat bottom frame 12 is attached, on a bottom side, toseat supports 16 which are fixed to the floor of an aircraft fuselage18. The seat back frame 14 is pivotally attached to one end of the seatbottom frame 12. The seat bottom frame 12 and the seat back frame 14have generally square and rectangular configurations, respectively, andcan be made from aluminum, light gauge steel, alloys, a stronglight-weight plastic, or composites. Seat base 20 is located over thetop side of seat bottom frame 12 and is upholstered to be in contactwith a passenger. The seat base 20 typically covers the seat bottomframe 12. The seat back frame 14 can pivot from an upright position, toa reclined position, and back again, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

The aircraft seat 10 is also provided with a pair of arm rests 40. Botharm rests are typically permanently fixed to the seat bottom frame 12.On a surface of either armrest 40 is a user operated seat control 42.Further, the armrest 40 can include a seat reclining control 41.

The seat back frame 14 is a series of members, which in and of itselfcannot be upholstered without sufficient structure to support thepadding and material. A seat back shell 50 is provided that providesshape and structure for the upholster to pad and apply material to forman upholstered seat back 22. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the seat backshell 50 can be upholstered and slid over the entirety of the seat backframe 14 to form the upholstered seat back 22. Further, if necessary, itcan be removed to facilitate reupholstering or to gain access to theseat back frame 14 and any components therein without removing theentire seat back frame 14.

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate how the seat back shell 50 can be connected tothe seat back frame 14 in a number of ways. In one embodiment, the seatback shell 50 is attached to the seat back frame 14 in a manner similarto the typical upholstering of aircraft seats. A covering material 30wraps around a bottom cross member 32 of the seat back frame 14 andfastens to itself to close out the bottom of the upholstery. This keepsthe shell from coming up and off the seat back frame 14. In this way,upholsters are not required to change their typical upholstery methods,allowing for easy adoption of the present invention.

In another embodiment, a top 34 of the seat back frame 14 has ferrules36 for the headrest tubes that are screwed onto the frame. These have aflange 38 that in turn capture the seat back shell 50 and prevent itfrom moving up and off the seat back frame 14.

FIGS. 6A-6E illustrate an embodiment of the seat back shell 50. Itincludes the back panel 52 which gives form to the back shape of theseat. In this embodiment, the back panel 52 has a “T” shape. A frontpanel 54 is formed which can be relatively flat material that paddingcan be built up on or a padded structure generally formed to the seatrequirements and can be directly covered in fabric or material. Thefront panel 54 gives form and shape to the front of the seat whichcontacts the user. The front panel 54 and the back panel 52 areconnected via two or more side panels 56. While the front 52 and back 54panels run approximately parallel to each other, the side panels 56 areformed approximately perpendicular to the front 52 and back 54 panels.The side panels 56 are spaced apart and oppose each other and connectthe front panel 52 to the back panel 54. This forms a gap 58 between thefront panel 54 and the back panel 52. The seat back shell 50 is thenformed and shaped by the upholster, if necessary, and then covered inmaterial. The material can be any fabric or animal hide or any othermaterial known to those of ordinary skill to cover seats.

The spacing of the front, back and side panels 52, 54, 56 is such toform the gap 58 to receive the seat back frame 14 therein. The seat backframe 14 supports the upholstered seat back shell 50 to form theupholstered seat back 22. Once engaged on the seat back frame 14,additional upholstery can be added to cover any remaining portions ofthe seat bottom frame 12 or the seat back frame 14 that may still beexposed. The hollow cavity formed by the gap 58 remains primarily hollowand actually lowers the weight of the seat. Further, less padding isrequired during the upholstery process, leading to a cost savings.

The gap 58 is typically continuous from one side panel 56 to the otherso as to receive the entire width of the seat back frame 14 without anyinterior subdivisions. This is typically the embodiment, since aircraftseats require cross struts and bracing to allow for increased structuralintegrity (as opposed to domestic furniture) to meet the safetyrequirements set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inthe United States, and by similar agencies world wide. This also entailsthat the seat back shell 50 has enough structural integrity by thecombination of the front, back and side panels 52, 54, 56, along withthe upholstery process to stand without the structural support of theseat back frame 14.

Further, the gap 58 typically does not have a top or bottom panel. Thelack of a bottom panel allows the entire seat back frame 14 to bereceived in the gap 58. The lack of a top panel allows for furtherweight reduction since the top of the gap 58 can be covered in paddingand material instead of a solid panel. However, if a solid panel isincluded it is typically located at the top edge of the front, back andside panels 52, 54, 56, or offset into the gap 58.

The side panels 56 can be, but typically are not, rectangular over theirentire length. FIGS. 6E, 7E and 8D illustrate that while top of the sidepanels 56′ is rectangular, a bottom of the side panels 56″ can be in atriangular or trapezoidal shape. This allows the bottom of the gap 58″flair out toward the user, as opposed to the top of the gap 58′. Thus,the bottom of the gap 58″ is wider than the top of the gap 58′. Thisallows the seat back 50 to adjust to the varying width of the seat backframe 14 which accounts for varying loads across the length of the seatback frame 14. Flaring the bottom of the gap 58″ also leads to the frontpanel 54 to be partially angled outward to the user. This can be used toprovide lumbar support to the user.

FIGS. 6A-6E illustrate an embodiment where the back panel 52 is widerthan the front panel 54 at all points. In this embodiment, the backpanel 52 is “T” shaped. FIGS. 7A-7E illustrate another embodiment wherefront panel 54′ is similarly shaped to back panel 52. An additionalspace can be formed outside the gap 58, on opposite sides of the sidepanels 56. However, the seat back frame 14 is not received within thespace. Illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8D, back panel 52′ remains generally “T”shaped, and the top part of the “T” has two curved ends. The front panel54 is the same or similar to the front panel illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6E.While three different embodiments of front and back panels 52, 52′, 54,54′ are illustrated, one of ordinary skill in the art is aware thatother shapes of the front and back panels are available andadditionally, the upholster can form additional shapes based on theplacement of padding and material using the above or other shapes as abase form.

As noted above, the seat back shell 50 allows for the upholstery processto be completed offline of the seat structure. This allows for theupholsterer to start the process absent of the seat structure to allowfor more lead time. The same seat back shell 50 can accommodatedifferent seat styles while using the same seat structure and allows fora lightweight approach to building up an upholstered seat back 22. Useof the seat back shell 50 significantly reduces upholstery time byproviding a customizable base to be upholstered. A further benefit isthat the entire seat back frame 14 does not have to be removed and thisreduces adjustment necessary after reassembly.

Further, a typical embodiment is where the seat back shell 50 onlyencloses the seat back frame 14 and not the seat bottom frame 12. Sincethe seat back frame 14 can pivot in relation to the seat bottom frame12, having a uniform shell for both the bottom and back can bedifficult. Additionally, typically only a single seat back shell 50 isrequired to enclose the entire seat back frame 14. However, multipleseat back shells can be used, and stacked one on top of the other overthe seat back frame 14 to build up the entire upholstered seat back 22.Each individual seat back shell 50 can have the same construction as theabove embodiments.

Thus, while there have been shown, described, and pointed outfundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferredembodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions,substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devicesillustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in theart without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Forexample, it is expressly intended that all combinations of thoseelements and/or steps which perform substantially the same function, insubstantially the same way, to achieve the same results are within thescope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one describedembodiment to another are also fully intended and contemplated. It isalso to be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn toscale, but that they are merely conceptual in nature. It is theintention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope ofthe claims appended hereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. An aircraft seat comprising: a seat bottom framehaving a back; a seat back frame pivotally connected to the back of theseat bottom frame; and a seat back shell comprising: a front panel; aback panel opposing the front panel; at least two side panels disposedbetween the front and back panels, connecting the front panel to theback panel; wherein the front, back, and side panels form a gap toreceive the entire seat back frame.
 2. The aircraft seat of claim 1,wherein the seat back shell consists of the front panel, the back panel,and two side panels.
 3. The aircraft seat of claim 1, wherein a singlegap is formed to receive the entire seat back.
 4. The aircraft seat ofclaim 1, wherein the seat back shell only encloses the seat back frame.5. The aircraft seat of claim 1, wherein the seat back frame comprises aflange to engage a top of the seat back shell to retain the seat backshell on the seat back frame.
 6. The aircraft seat of claim 1, wherein asize of the front panel is different from the back panel.
 7. Theaircraft seat of claim 1, wherein a size of the front panel is the sameas the back panel.
 8. The aircraft seat of claim 1, wherein at least aportion of the side panels are formed in at least one of a triangularand a trapezoidal shape.
 9. The aircraft seat of claim 1, wherein theseat back shell is upholstered separate from the aircraft seat.
 10. Theaircraft seat of claim 9, wherein the upholstered seat back shell isremovably and replacably engaged to the seat back frame while the seatback frame remains connected to the seat bottom frame.
 11. A seat backshell for an aircraft seat comprising: a front panel; a back panelopposing the front panel; at least two side panels disposed between thefront and back panels, connecting the front panel to the back panel;wherein the front, back, and side panels form a gap to receive an entireseat back frame of the aircraft seat.